leukemia symptoms : How adult acute myeloid leukemia is treated
There are treatments for all patients with AML. The primary treatment of AML is chemotherapy. Radiation therapy may be used in certain cases. Bone marrow transplantation and biological therapy are being studied in clinical trials.
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Drugs may be given by mouth, or they may be put into the body by a needle in a vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drug enters the bloodstream, travels through the body, and can kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy may sometimes be put into the fluid that surrounds the brain through a needle in the brain or back (intrathecal chemotherapy).
Radiation therapy uses x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation for AML usually comes from a machine outside the body (external radiation therapy).
If the leukemia cells have spread to the brain, radiation therapy to the brain or intrathecal chemotherapy will be given.
There are two phases of treatment for AML. The first stage is called induction therapy. The purpose of induction therapy is to kill as many of the leukemia cells as possible and make patients go into remission. Once in remission with no signs of leukemia, patients enter a second phase of treatment (called continuation therapy), which tries to kill any remaining leukemia cells. Chemotherapy may be given for several years to keep a patient in remission.
Bone marrow transplantation is used to replace the bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. First, all of the bone marrow in the body is destroyed with high doses of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Healthy marrow is then taken from another person (a donor) whose tissue is the same as or almost the same as the patient's. The donor may be a twin (the best match), a brother or sister, or a person who is not related. The healthy marrow from the donor is given to the patient through a needle in the vein, and the marrow replaces the marrow that was destroyed. A bone marrow transplant using marrow from a relative or from a person who is not related is called an allogeneic bone marrow transplant.
Another type of bone marrow transplant, called autologous bone marrow transplant, is being studied in clinical trials. To do this type of transplant, bone marrow is taken from the patient and treated with drugs to kill any cancer cells. The marrow is then frozen to save it. Next, high-dose chemotherapy is given with or without radiation therapy to destroy all of the remaining marrow. The frozen marrow that was saved is then thawed and given to the patient through a needle in a vein to replace the marrow that was destroyed.
Another type of autologous transplant is called a peripheral blood stem cell transplant. The patient's blood is passed through a machine that removes the stem cells (immature cells from which all blood cells develop), then returns the blood to the patient. This procedure is called leukapheresis and usually takes 3 or 4 hours to complete. The stem cells are treated with drugs to kill any cancer cells and then frozen until they are transplanted to the patient. This procedure may be done alone or with an autologous bone marrow transplant.
A greater chance for recovery occurs if the doctor chooses a hospital that does more than five bone marrow transplantations per year.
Biological therapy tries to get the body to fight cancer. It uses materials made by the patient's body or made in a laboratory to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against disease. Biological therapy is sometimes called biological response modifier therapy or immunotherapy.
© Copyright 1996-2002
Chemotherapy is the use of drugs to kill cancer cells. Drugs may be given by mouth, or they may be put into the body by a needle in a vein or muscle. Chemotherapy is called a systemic treatment because the drug enters the bloodstream, travels through the body, and can kill cancer cells throughout the body. Chemotherapy may sometimes be put into the fluid that surrounds the brain through a needle in the brain or back (intrathecal chemotherapy).
Radiation therapy uses x-rays or other high-energy rays to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors. Radiation for AML usually comes from a machine outside the body (external radiation therapy).
If the leukemia cells have spread to the brain, radiation therapy to the brain or intrathecal chemotherapy will be given.
There are two phases of treatment for AML. The first stage is called induction therapy. The purpose of induction therapy is to kill as many of the leukemia cells as possible and make patients go into remission. Once in remission with no signs of leukemia, patients enter a second phase of treatment (called continuation therapy), which tries to kill any remaining leukemia cells. Chemotherapy may be given for several years to keep a patient in remission.
Bone marrow transplantation is used to replace the bone marrow with healthy bone marrow. First, all of the bone marrow in the body is destroyed with high doses of chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy. Healthy marrow is then taken from another person (a donor) whose tissue is the same as or almost the same as the patient's. The donor may be a twin (the best match), a brother or sister, or a person who is not related. The healthy marrow from the donor is given to the patient through a needle in the vein, and the marrow replaces the marrow that was destroyed. A bone marrow transplant using marrow from a relative or from a person who is not related is called an allogeneic bone marrow transplant.
Another type of bone marrow transplant, called autologous bone marrow transplant, is being studied in clinical trials. To do this type of transplant, bone marrow is taken from the patient and treated with drugs to kill any cancer cells. The marrow is then frozen to save it. Next, high-dose chemotherapy is given with or without radiation therapy to destroy all of the remaining marrow. The frozen marrow that was saved is then thawed and given to the patient through a needle in a vein to replace the marrow that was destroyed.
Another type of autologous transplant is called a peripheral blood stem cell transplant. The patient's blood is passed through a machine that removes the stem cells (immature cells from which all blood cells develop), then returns the blood to the patient. This procedure is called leukapheresis and usually takes 3 or 4 hours to complete. The stem cells are treated with drugs to kill any cancer cells and then frozen until they are transplanted to the patient. This procedure may be done alone or with an autologous bone marrow transplant.
A greater chance for recovery occurs if the doctor chooses a hospital that does more than five bone marrow transplantations per year.
Biological therapy tries to get the body to fight cancer. It uses materials made by the patient's body or made in a laboratory to boost, direct, or restore the body's natural defenses against disease. Biological therapy is sometimes called biological response modifier therapy or immunotherapy.
© Copyright 1996-2002
leukemia symptoms : What is adult acute myeloid leukemia?
Adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease in which cancer (malignant) cells are found in the blood and bone marrow. AML is also called acute nonlymphocytic leukemia or ANLL. The bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside the large bones in the body. The bone marrow makes red blood cells (which carry oxygen and other materials to all tissues of the body), white blood cells (which fight infection), and platelets (which make the blood clot).
Normally, the bone marrow makes cells called blasts that develop (mature) into several different types of blood cells that have specific jobs to do in the body. AML affects the blasts that are developing into white blood cells called granulocytes. In AML, the blasts do not mature and become too numerous. These immature blast cells are then found in the blood and the bone marrow.
Leukemia can be acute (progressing quickly with many immature blasts) or chronic (progressing slowly with more mature looking cancer cells). Acute myeloid leukemia progresses quickly. AML can occur in adults or children (refer to the PDQ summaries on Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment for more information). (Refer to the PDQ summaries on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment; Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment; and Hairy Cell Leukemia Treatment for more information.)
AML is often difficult to diagnose. The early signs may be similar to the flu or other common diseases. A doctor should be seen if the following signs or symptoms won't go away: fever, weakness or tiredness, or achiness in the bones or joints.
If there are symptoms, a doctor may order blood tests to count the number of each of the different kinds of blood cells. If the results of the blood tests are not normal, a doctor may do a bone marrow biopsy. During this test, a needle is inserted into a bone and a small amount of bone marrow is taken out and looked at under a microscope. A doctor can then tell what kind of leukemia is present and plan the best treatment.
The chance of recovery (prognosis) depends on the type of AML and the patient's age and general health.
© Copyright 1996-2002
Normally, the bone marrow makes cells called blasts that develop (mature) into several different types of blood cells that have specific jobs to do in the body. AML affects the blasts that are developing into white blood cells called granulocytes. In AML, the blasts do not mature and become too numerous. These immature blast cells are then found in the blood and the bone marrow.
Leukemia can be acute (progressing quickly with many immature blasts) or chronic (progressing slowly with more mature looking cancer cells). Acute myeloid leukemia progresses quickly. AML can occur in adults or children (refer to the PDQ summaries on Childhood Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment and Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treatment for more information). (Refer to the PDQ summaries on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment; Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treatment; Adult Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia Treatment; and Hairy Cell Leukemia Treatment for more information.)
AML is often difficult to diagnose. The early signs may be similar to the flu or other common diseases. A doctor should be seen if the following signs or symptoms won't go away: fever, weakness or tiredness, or achiness in the bones or joints.
If there are symptoms, a doctor may order blood tests to count the number of each of the different kinds of blood cells. If the results of the blood tests are not normal, a doctor may do a bone marrow biopsy. During this test, a needle is inserted into a bone and a small amount of bone marrow is taken out and looked at under a microscope. A doctor can then tell what kind of leukemia is present and plan the best treatment.
The chance of recovery (prognosis) depends on the type of AML and the patient's age and general health.
© Copyright 1996-2002
leukemia symptoms : Laboratory Tests
Complete blood count (CBC) and differential
These are routine tests that are ordered to count the number and relative proportion of each of the different types of cells in the blood stream. They give your doctor information about the relative maturity of the blood cells present and they can provide the first evidence that a person has leukemia. Irregularities in cell counts, such as elevated WBC counts or low red blood cell counts may be due to leukemia or to a variety of temporary or chronic conditions, but blasts (very immature WBCs) are not normally seen in the blood. If they are present, some kind of leukemia is likely, and follow-up testing is indicated. The CBC and differential are used to help diagnose leukemia and are important tools to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to detect recurrence.
Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy
Bone marrow exists as a matrix of fibrous supporting tissue, fluid, undifferentiated stem cells (that have the capability of becoming any of the different types of blood cells), and a mixture of blasts and maturing blood cells. If your doctor suspects leukemia, he will often order a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy to actually look at the cell-producing fluid and tissue in the marrow. A pathologist, or other specialist then examines the marrow sample (bone and/or fluid) under the microscope, evaluating the number, size, and shape of each of the cell types, as well as the proportions of mature and immature cells. If leukemia is present, the type and severity of the disease can be determined.
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
If leukemia is found in the bone marrow a spinal tap may also be done to look for leukemia cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Flourescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
This is a molecular cytogenetic test used to investigate chromosomal abnormalities associated with leukemias, other cancers, and genetic disorders. The test can be performed using a variety of samples including blood and bone marrow. Its main advantage is that non-dividing, uncultured cells can be used to help establish or confirm a diagnosis using this method.
Non-Laboratory Tests
X-rays are sometimes used to look for signs of the disease (tumors and masses of cells) in areas such as the chest. Other imaging scans may also be used to evaluate the status of body organs such as the spleen, liver, and kidney.
Treatments
In general, cure and remission rates of leukemia continue to improve for both children and adults.
Specific treatment depends on the type, severity, and symptoms. The goals of treatment are to address the cell shortages that are causing symptoms, push the leukemia into remission, and, if possible, kill all of the abnormal white blood cells -- allowing normal cells to reproduce and restore blood cell function.
Symptomatic treatment may include red blood cell and/or platelet transfusions and antibiotic therapy. If the spleen is too swollen, it may need to be surgically removed. Treatment of the leukemia may include chemotherapy drugs and radiation — both to kill cells and to relieve pain. If leukemia cells have migrated into the cerebrospinal fluid, chemotherapy drugs that are injected directly into the spinal fluid may be required.
In some cases bone marrow samples may be taken from the patient, "cleaned" of abnormal cells, and frozen to be reintroduced into the same patient following treatment. Allogeneic bone marrow transplants (using a marrow sample from a compatible donor -- most frequently a family member) can be used to cure many cases of acute leukemia. Bone marrow transplants may be considered when other treatment regimens have failed to push the leukemia into remission, or when the leukemia has recurred.
Patients with chronic leukemia may not need treatment for years, until the number of WBCs begins to increase, and/or the number of red blood cells or platelets decreases. Over-treatment of chronic leukemia may be worse than under-treatment, because drugs won't cure the condition or prolong the patient's survival and they may cause severe side effects.
© Medical Laboratory Services 2003 - Produced By Cyberspace Solutions
These are routine tests that are ordered to count the number and relative proportion of each of the different types of cells in the blood stream. They give your doctor information about the relative maturity of the blood cells present and they can provide the first evidence that a person has leukemia. Irregularities in cell counts, such as elevated WBC counts or low red blood cell counts may be due to leukemia or to a variety of temporary or chronic conditions, but blasts (very immature WBCs) are not normally seen in the blood. If they are present, some kind of leukemia is likely, and follow-up testing is indicated. The CBC and differential are used to help diagnose leukemia and are important tools to monitor the effectiveness of treatment and to detect recurrence.
Bone marrow aspiration/biopsy
Bone marrow exists as a matrix of fibrous supporting tissue, fluid, undifferentiated stem cells (that have the capability of becoming any of the different types of blood cells), and a mixture of blasts and maturing blood cells. If your doctor suspects leukemia, he will often order a bone marrow aspiration or biopsy to actually look at the cell-producing fluid and tissue in the marrow. A pathologist, or other specialist then examines the marrow sample (bone and/or fluid) under the microscope, evaluating the number, size, and shape of each of the cell types, as well as the proportions of mature and immature cells. If leukemia is present, the type and severity of the disease can be determined.
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
If leukemia is found in the bone marrow a spinal tap may also be done to look for leukemia cells in the cerebrospinal fluid.
Flourescent in situ hybridization (FISH)
This is a molecular cytogenetic test used to investigate chromosomal abnormalities associated with leukemias, other cancers, and genetic disorders. The test can be performed using a variety of samples including blood and bone marrow. Its main advantage is that non-dividing, uncultured cells can be used to help establish or confirm a diagnosis using this method.
Non-Laboratory Tests
X-rays are sometimes used to look for signs of the disease (tumors and masses of cells) in areas such as the chest. Other imaging scans may also be used to evaluate the status of body organs such as the spleen, liver, and kidney.
Treatments
In general, cure and remission rates of leukemia continue to improve for both children and adults.
Specific treatment depends on the type, severity, and symptoms. The goals of treatment are to address the cell shortages that are causing symptoms, push the leukemia into remission, and, if possible, kill all of the abnormal white blood cells -- allowing normal cells to reproduce and restore blood cell function.
Symptomatic treatment may include red blood cell and/or platelet transfusions and antibiotic therapy. If the spleen is too swollen, it may need to be surgically removed. Treatment of the leukemia may include chemotherapy drugs and radiation — both to kill cells and to relieve pain. If leukemia cells have migrated into the cerebrospinal fluid, chemotherapy drugs that are injected directly into the spinal fluid may be required.
In some cases bone marrow samples may be taken from the patient, "cleaned" of abnormal cells, and frozen to be reintroduced into the same patient following treatment. Allogeneic bone marrow transplants (using a marrow sample from a compatible donor -- most frequently a family member) can be used to cure many cases of acute leukemia. Bone marrow transplants may be considered when other treatment regimens have failed to push the leukemia into remission, or when the leukemia has recurred.
Patients with chronic leukemia may not need treatment for years, until the number of WBCs begins to increase, and/or the number of red blood cells or platelets decreases. Over-treatment of chronic leukemia may be worse than under-treatment, because drugs won't cure the condition or prolong the patient's survival and they may cause severe side effects.
© Medical Laboratory Services 2003 - Produced By Cyberspace Solutions
leukemia symptoms : Understanding and Recognizing
Leukemia is a sort of cancer of the blood and marrow. The disease is characterized through the overproducing of immature blood cells (stem cells) that aren’t able to fully develop and carry out the activities of normal blood cells.
Each type of mature blood cells has specific traits and roles inside the body. White blood cells or leukocytes have an important role in the immune system, contributing to overcome infections. White blood cells also help in healing flesh wounds and cuts. Red blood cells or erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which has a great importance in transporting oxygen to the cells within the organism. Red blood cells are vital for the process of cell respiration, carrying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide from them. Platelets have an important role in repairing damage at the level of blood vessels, accumulating to seal any cuts or tares.
Leukemia leads to the accumulation and crowding of diseased stem cells at the level of the bone marrow, which decreases the normal production of healthy blood cells. The lack of normal blood cells leads to the appearance of leukemia symptoms. It is important to understand that despite the fact that leukemia causes an over production of white blood cells, these cells are immature and can’t substitute for normal blood cells. Due to this, the body is exposed to many forms of infection.
The most common leukemia symptoms are: anemia (insufficient number of red blood cells in the bloodstream), risks of bleeding (insufficient number of platelets in the bloodstream), nose bleeding, bleeding of the oral cavity, predisposition to bruising, high exposure to infections due to lack of white blood cells, improper healing.
Other leukemia symptoms may be fatigue, lack of concentration, poor psychical performance, fever, loss of appetite and weight loss.
In the case of chronic leukemia, which facilitates the accumulation of diseased blood cells in different places inside the body, the leukemia symptoms may be migraines, insomnia, decreased vision and hearing, loss of balance, faints and seizures. Some of these leukemia symptoms need immediate medical intervention, as they may lead to further complications.
Sometimes people with leukemia may have enlarged liver and spleen, causing abdominal swelling or enlarged lymph nodes. The body glands of the organism can also be affected by leukemia.
Leukemia symptoms have a non-specific character. This means that they can be misleading in establishing an appropriate diagnose, as they may also occur in the cases of other diseases. Medical professionals are the only persons able to distinguish leukemia from other illnesses with resembling symptoms. Proper diagnose is very important in order to quickly begin the administration of specific treatment. Blood analysis and careful body examinations can reveal the presence of leukemia. Leukemia is considered to have a high rate of mortality and although the disease can be overcome through treatment and therapy, it can cause death if its presence is not noticed in time. Therefore, prompt intervention is required for leukemia, regardless of its type.
By Groshan Fabiola
Each type of mature blood cells has specific traits and roles inside the body. White blood cells or leukocytes have an important role in the immune system, contributing to overcome infections. White blood cells also help in healing flesh wounds and cuts. Red blood cells or erythrocytes contain hemoglobin, which has a great importance in transporting oxygen to the cells within the organism. Red blood cells are vital for the process of cell respiration, carrying oxygen to cells and removing carbon dioxide from them. Platelets have an important role in repairing damage at the level of blood vessels, accumulating to seal any cuts or tares.
Leukemia leads to the accumulation and crowding of diseased stem cells at the level of the bone marrow, which decreases the normal production of healthy blood cells. The lack of normal blood cells leads to the appearance of leukemia symptoms. It is important to understand that despite the fact that leukemia causes an over production of white blood cells, these cells are immature and can’t substitute for normal blood cells. Due to this, the body is exposed to many forms of infection.
The most common leukemia symptoms are: anemia (insufficient number of red blood cells in the bloodstream), risks of bleeding (insufficient number of platelets in the bloodstream), nose bleeding, bleeding of the oral cavity, predisposition to bruising, high exposure to infections due to lack of white blood cells, improper healing.
Other leukemia symptoms may be fatigue, lack of concentration, poor psychical performance, fever, loss of appetite and weight loss.
In the case of chronic leukemia, which facilitates the accumulation of diseased blood cells in different places inside the body, the leukemia symptoms may be migraines, insomnia, decreased vision and hearing, loss of balance, faints and seizures. Some of these leukemia symptoms need immediate medical intervention, as they may lead to further complications.
Sometimes people with leukemia may have enlarged liver and spleen, causing abdominal swelling or enlarged lymph nodes. The body glands of the organism can also be affected by leukemia.
Leukemia symptoms have a non-specific character. This means that they can be misleading in establishing an appropriate diagnose, as they may also occur in the cases of other diseases. Medical professionals are the only persons able to distinguish leukemia from other illnesses with resembling symptoms. Proper diagnose is very important in order to quickly begin the administration of specific treatment. Blood analysis and careful body examinations can reveal the presence of leukemia. Leukemia is considered to have a high rate of mortality and although the disease can be overcome through treatment and therapy, it can cause death if its presence is not noticed in time. Therefore, prompt intervention is required for leukemia, regardless of its type.
By Groshan Fabiola
leukemia symptoms : A Guide To Leukemia
Being diagnosed with cancer is devastating; cancer is a very serious disease that has caused the deaths of a lot of people. However, given recent developments in medicine and in technology, the treatments used to treat cancers are now becoming more potent and effective, and in some cases, treatments are successful at eradicating certain forms of cancers.
In addition to treatment, one of the most powerful tools in the battle against cancer is information; a better understanding of a disease can help an individual to avoid certain risk factors that could prevent full recovery. This principle applies to most diseases, especially to those that are considered very serious. One of these diseases is leukemia, which, in simpler terms, is cancer of the blood. Following is some information on this disease.
Leukemia facts
Leukemia is considered one of the most dangerous types of cancer as it affects one of the most important tissues of the body: blood, which has access to almost all of the organs of the body. This increases the chances of cancer cells being carried to other parts of the body where these cells can stay and grow. It is also considered a dangerous disease because it affects the leukocytes, or the white blood cells, which play an important role in the body’s defense against disease; people with leukemia often have compromised immunity. The presence of abnormal cells in the blood hinders the blood from functioning well.
With regard to symptoms, people with leukemia symptoms often exhibit dramatic weight loss, frequent headaches, and bleeding in different organs such as the gums and the nose. Another common symptom is the presence of hematomas or bruises on the body. The usual treatment of this disease is chemotherapy, where patients are given oral drugs that target cancer cells. Another common treatment is radiation, which can have certain side effects such as the loss of hair.
Leukemia is a very dangerous disease because it affects the blood. However, it is still curable, as recent developments in treatments and research have made some headway in effectively treating the disease. Together with this, people should also realize that one of the most important weapons against this disease is information, which can help people deal better with this dreaded disease.
By Jennifer Bailey
In addition to treatment, one of the most powerful tools in the battle against cancer is information; a better understanding of a disease can help an individual to avoid certain risk factors that could prevent full recovery. This principle applies to most diseases, especially to those that are considered very serious. One of these diseases is leukemia, which, in simpler terms, is cancer of the blood. Following is some information on this disease.
Leukemia facts
Leukemia is considered one of the most dangerous types of cancer as it affects one of the most important tissues of the body: blood, which has access to almost all of the organs of the body. This increases the chances of cancer cells being carried to other parts of the body where these cells can stay and grow. It is also considered a dangerous disease because it affects the leukocytes, or the white blood cells, which play an important role in the body’s defense against disease; people with leukemia often have compromised immunity. The presence of abnormal cells in the blood hinders the blood from functioning well.
With regard to symptoms, people with leukemia symptoms often exhibit dramatic weight loss, frequent headaches, and bleeding in different organs such as the gums and the nose. Another common symptom is the presence of hematomas or bruises on the body. The usual treatment of this disease is chemotherapy, where patients are given oral drugs that target cancer cells. Another common treatment is radiation, which can have certain side effects such as the loss of hair.
Leukemia is a very dangerous disease because it affects the blood. However, it is still curable, as recent developments in treatments and research have made some headway in effectively treating the disease. Together with this, people should also realize that one of the most important weapons against this disease is information, which can help people deal better with this dreaded disease.
By Jennifer Bailey
leukemia symptoms : Chemotherapy
Patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) usually receive chemotherapy drugs as soon as possible after diagnosis. Chemotherapy uses strong cancer drugs to kill leukemia cells. This first stage of treatment is called induction therapy. The goal is to achieve remission (no signs of leukemia cells) and to restore normal blood production.
Common chemotherapy drugs given during induction therapy include daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and cytarabine. These cancer drugs kill the leukemia cells by stopping them from growing. Unfortunately, chemotherapy also kills normal cells, so AML patients receiving induction therapy may have side effects including nausea, tiredness, and higher risk of infections.
For most patients, induction therapy brings back normal blood cell production within a few weeks, and microscopic examinations of their blood and marrow samples show no signs of leukemia cells. When this happens, the disease is in remission. At this point, several long-term treatment choices may be considered. These include further chemotherapy or a blood stem cell transplant.
by Nielsen Technical Services
Common chemotherapy drugs given during induction therapy include daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and cytarabine. These cancer drugs kill the leukemia cells by stopping them from growing. Unfortunately, chemotherapy also kills normal cells, so AML patients receiving induction therapy may have side effects including nausea, tiredness, and higher risk of infections.
For most patients, induction therapy brings back normal blood cell production within a few weeks, and microscopic examinations of their blood and marrow samples show no signs of leukemia cells. When this happens, the disease is in remission. At this point, several long-term treatment choices may be considered. These include further chemotherapy or a blood stem cell transplant.
by Nielsen Technical Services
leukemia symptoms : Information
Leukemia Cancer Overview
This website was created to help leukemia / blood cancer patients and their families and friends with up-to-date information about leukemia and more specifically about acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We have the latest information on leukemia, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. We have also gathered vital information on coping with the personal and financial effects of leukemia, which may be difficult to deal with without the proper preparation.
Leukemia is cancer that originates in the bone marrow, the soft, spongy inner portion of certain bones, and in which the malignant cells are white blood cells (leukocytes). Acute myelogenous leukemia is a malignancy that arises in either granulocytes or monocytes which are white blood cells that battle infectious agents throughout the body.
Although the exact cause of AML is unknown, exposure to benzene and cigarettes smoking are linked to the disease. AML occurs in all ages but more often in older adults. With more than 10,000 new luekemia cases diagnosed annually, AML is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Other types of leukemia are acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL).
The onset of AML is usually slow, and there are different leukemia symptoms depending on whether there is a deficiency of red cells, white cells or platelets.
As the disease progresses rapidly, it is very important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. The Treatment Options section describes the different types of treatments such as chemotherapy, as well as has clinical trial information. In our Medical Financial Aid and Assistance section, we discuss how patients and their families may be helped with medical bills and financial concerns.
Because some leukemias are linked to benzene exposure, see our At Risk Jobs and Benzene Exposure section to find out if you or a loved one has worked in a job associated with benzene poisoning.
by Nielsen Technical Services
This website was created to help leukemia / blood cancer patients and their families and friends with up-to-date information about leukemia and more specifically about acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). We have the latest information on leukemia, its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment. We have also gathered vital information on coping with the personal and financial effects of leukemia, which may be difficult to deal with without the proper preparation.
Leukemia is cancer that originates in the bone marrow, the soft, spongy inner portion of certain bones, and in which the malignant cells are white blood cells (leukocytes). Acute myelogenous leukemia is a malignancy that arises in either granulocytes or monocytes which are white blood cells that battle infectious agents throughout the body.
Although the exact cause of AML is unknown, exposure to benzene and cigarettes smoking are linked to the disease. AML occurs in all ages but more often in older adults. With more than 10,000 new luekemia cases diagnosed annually, AML is the most common type of acute leukemia in adults. Other types of leukemia are acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL).
The onset of AML is usually slow, and there are different leukemia symptoms depending on whether there is a deficiency of red cells, white cells or platelets.
As the disease progresses rapidly, it is very important to seek medical treatment as soon as possible. The Treatment Options section describes the different types of treatments such as chemotherapy, as well as has clinical trial information. In our Medical Financial Aid and Assistance section, we discuss how patients and their families may be helped with medical bills and financial concerns.
Because some leukemias are linked to benzene exposure, see our At Risk Jobs and Benzene Exposure section to find out if you or a loved one has worked in a job associated with benzene poisoning.
by Nielsen Technical Services
leukemia symptoms : Vitamin B-12 for Mental Acuity
Vitamin B-12 (cyanocobalamin) has been known as the energizer. A water-soluble vitamin is unique in being the first cobalt-containing substance found to be essential for longevity. Cobalt is an essential mineral and is an integral part of vitamin B-12. It is necessary for the normal functioning and maintenance of red blood cells as well as all other body cells.
Vitamin B-12 and Folic Acid have been helpful in treating anxiety and has a calming effect on insomniacs. Folic Acid protects against cancer and benefits arthritis and anemia.
Vitamin B-12 aids in preventing pallor, fatigue, lack of energy and forgetfulness. Increases capillary blood flow and vision. Good for the blood flow to the heart and aids in the absorption of other vitamins.
Vitamin B-12 will assist is eliminating mental fatigue and confusion, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, angina pectoris, diabetes, hypoglycemia, epilepsy multiple sclerosis, neuritis, neuropsychiatric disorders, vertigo, leg paralysis, bruises, muscular dystrophy, cold sores, shingles, psoriasis, hangovers, leukemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, overweight and obesity, tobacco amblyopia, ulcers, gastritis, asthma, tuberculosis, allergies, worms, degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis.
Lack of vitamin B-12 has been found to cause a type of brain damage resembling schizophrenia. The brain damage may be detected by the following symptoms: numbness or a feeling of deadness in an extremity, sore mouth, stiffness, shooting pain, hot or cold, needles and pins tingle sensations.
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency symptoms may vary in severe or mild forms of mood disorders, mental slowness and loss of memory to severe psychotic symptoms, nervousness, neuritis, unpleasant body odor and menstrual disturbances. If a deficiency is not detected in early stages, it may result in permanent mental deterioration and/or paralysis.
It is a well known fact that a total Vegetarian Diet (Vegan) is lacking the essential vitamin B-12. Therefore, a person on a Vegan Diet should take one 50 microgram of B-12 once per week. If you consider a Vegan Diet for the purpose of Weight Loss you may reconsider your choices and review the 12 Healthy Herbs for Safe Weight Loss. A Natural Cleanser will also supply you with essential nutrients and aid in Weight Loss on a continuous healthy level.
This simple source of vitamin B-12 may be found in this Herbal Combination: Alfalfa, Chlorophyll, Don Quai, Kelp and Comfrey. This will enhance Mental Acuity and supply the needed nutrients to help prevent deficiencies from the lack of eating meat.
Capsulated Formula
Alfalfa: Contains eight digestive enzymes and eight essential amino acids. Use equal parts in addition with Don Quai, Kelp and Chlorophyll. Rich in Vitamin U for peptic ulcers. Athletes use this Herb for Endurance and Energy.
Chlorophyll: High in Calcium and Iron. Liquid form take one capful once a day.
Don Quai: Gives nourishment to the brain cells. High in Vitamin E and B-12. Acts as a mild laxative as it lubricates the intestines. Helps eliminate dry skin problems by moistening and softening the skin.
Kelp: High in Iodine. Iodine assists the thyroid to help them do their job more efficiently. Especially good for the Pituitary and Adrenal Glands. Contains: Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B 12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin G, Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Lithium, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium; Selenium, Silicon, Sodium, Sulfur, Zinc, Trace Minerals.
Comfrey: Take in tablet form or in capsules, three pills three times a day. Use in place of the above formula or in addition if already deficient. Use in ten day increments resting seven days in between.
Food Sources
Folic Acid is needed with B-12 and may be found in: Orange Juice, Asparagus, Spinach, Turnip Greens, Avocado, Brussels Sprouts, Lima Beans, Soy Beans, Kidney Beans, White Beans, Root Vegetables, Whole Grains, Wheat Germ, Bulgur Wheat, Oysters, Salmon, Milk, Brewers Yeast, Organ Meat and Chicken Livers.
Cobalt may be found in high sources: meats, especially kidney and liver, oysters, beet greens, buckwheat, figs, lettuce, cabbage, watercress, clams, milk and spinach.
Vitamin B-12 may be found in: beef, cheese, eggs, fish, clams, milk and milk products. Vitamin B-12 may be stored in the intestines for many years and the reabsorption from the intestines is quite efficient.
A healthy diet of well balanced food choices will supply the needed amounts of Vitamin B-12 and Folic Acid but in most cases we do not consume the healthiest of food products therefore, the above formula will be most beneficial in making Healthy Choices for A Healthy and Happy Life.
By Gloria Ruffell
Vitamin B-12 and Folic Acid have been helpful in treating anxiety and has a calming effect on insomniacs. Folic Acid protects against cancer and benefits arthritis and anemia.
Vitamin B-12 aids in preventing pallor, fatigue, lack of energy and forgetfulness. Increases capillary blood flow and vision. Good for the blood flow to the heart and aids in the absorption of other vitamins.
Vitamin B-12 will assist is eliminating mental fatigue and confusion, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, angina pectoris, diabetes, hypoglycemia, epilepsy multiple sclerosis, neuritis, neuropsychiatric disorders, vertigo, leg paralysis, bruises, muscular dystrophy, cold sores, shingles, psoriasis, hangovers, leukemia, chronic fatigue syndrome, overweight and obesity, tobacco amblyopia, ulcers, gastritis, asthma, tuberculosis, allergies, worms, degenerative joint disease, rheumatoid arthritis.
Lack of vitamin B-12 has been found to cause a type of brain damage resembling schizophrenia. The brain damage may be detected by the following symptoms: numbness or a feeling of deadness in an extremity, sore mouth, stiffness, shooting pain, hot or cold, needles and pins tingle sensations.
Vitamin B-12 Deficiency symptoms may vary in severe or mild forms of mood disorders, mental slowness and loss of memory to severe psychotic symptoms, nervousness, neuritis, unpleasant body odor and menstrual disturbances. If a deficiency is not detected in early stages, it may result in permanent mental deterioration and/or paralysis.
It is a well known fact that a total Vegetarian Diet (Vegan) is lacking the essential vitamin B-12. Therefore, a person on a Vegan Diet should take one 50 microgram of B-12 once per week. If you consider a Vegan Diet for the purpose of Weight Loss you may reconsider your choices and review the 12 Healthy Herbs for Safe Weight Loss. A Natural Cleanser will also supply you with essential nutrients and aid in Weight Loss on a continuous healthy level.
This simple source of vitamin B-12 may be found in this Herbal Combination: Alfalfa, Chlorophyll, Don Quai, Kelp and Comfrey. This will enhance Mental Acuity and supply the needed nutrients to help prevent deficiencies from the lack of eating meat.
Capsulated Formula
Alfalfa: Contains eight digestive enzymes and eight essential amino acids. Use equal parts in addition with Don Quai, Kelp and Chlorophyll. Rich in Vitamin U for peptic ulcers. Athletes use this Herb for Endurance and Energy.
Chlorophyll: High in Calcium and Iron. Liquid form take one capful once a day.
Don Quai: Gives nourishment to the brain cells. High in Vitamin E and B-12. Acts as a mild laxative as it lubricates the intestines. Helps eliminate dry skin problems by moistening and softening the skin.
Kelp: High in Iodine. Iodine assists the thyroid to help them do their job more efficiently. Especially good for the Pituitary and Adrenal Glands. Contains: Vitamin A, Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin B3, Vitamin B 12, Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Vitamin G, Calcium, Chlorine, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Lithium, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Potassium; Selenium, Silicon, Sodium, Sulfur, Zinc, Trace Minerals.
Comfrey: Take in tablet form or in capsules, three pills three times a day. Use in place of the above formula or in addition if already deficient. Use in ten day increments resting seven days in between.
Food Sources
Folic Acid is needed with B-12 and may be found in: Orange Juice, Asparagus, Spinach, Turnip Greens, Avocado, Brussels Sprouts, Lima Beans, Soy Beans, Kidney Beans, White Beans, Root Vegetables, Whole Grains, Wheat Germ, Bulgur Wheat, Oysters, Salmon, Milk, Brewers Yeast, Organ Meat and Chicken Livers.
Cobalt may be found in high sources: meats, especially kidney and liver, oysters, beet greens, buckwheat, figs, lettuce, cabbage, watercress, clams, milk and spinach.
Vitamin B-12 may be found in: beef, cheese, eggs, fish, clams, milk and milk products. Vitamin B-12 may be stored in the intestines for many years and the reabsorption from the intestines is quite efficient.
A healthy diet of well balanced food choices will supply the needed amounts of Vitamin B-12 and Folic Acid but in most cases we do not consume the healthiest of food products therefore, the above formula will be most beneficial in making Healthy Choices for A Healthy and Happy Life.
By Gloria Ruffell
leukemia symptoms : General Aspects of Leukemia
Many people suffer from leukemia these days. A large number of cases of cancer are identified to be leukemia. Leukemia is a sort of cancer of the blood and marrow. The disease is characterized through the overproducing of immature blood cells (stem cells) that aren’t able to fully develop and to carry out the activities of normal blood cells.
According to their functions and structure, there are three different types of cells within the normal blood: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Through the process of hematopoiesis, these three types of blood cells are developed from a distinctive type of blood cell called stem cell. Stem cells divide and go through several stages of development to finally form a mature blood cell of a particular type, with a certain, distinctive function in the body. The process through which a stem cell morphs into a mature blood cell takes place within the bone marrow.
According to the speed of development and the persistence of the disorder, there are two types of leukemia: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is known to develop very rapidly, while chronic leukemia is developed slowly. According to the types of blood cells affected by the disease, leukemia can either be lymphocytic or myelogenous.
Lymphocytic and myelogenous types of leukemia are developed from different types of cells: the lymphocytic type of leukemia develops from cells called lymphoblasts or lymphocytes in the spongious tissue of the bones, while the myelogenous type of leukemia (sometimes refered to as myeloid and myelocytic leukemia) develops from myeloid cells.
In the case of acute forms of leukemia, the abnormal cells come from early, immature cells. Such forms of the disorder have a very fast rate of development, due to the fact that normal stem cells tend to multiply frequently. Leukemia cells usually don’t divide faster and more frequently than normal stem cells, they simply don’t stop their process of division when they should. Sometimes the numbers of white blood cells are very high, while in other cases they can be normal or low.
Chronic leukemia, apart from its slow development, is different from acute leukemia by the level of maturation that the diseased cells are able to reach. Stem cells affected by chronic leukemia reach a higher level of maturation but they present abnormalities and they can’t act as healthy white blood cells do. Unlike acute leukemia, in the chronic form of the disease the unhealthy cells have much longer periods of life and they tend to accumulate in different parts of the body.
Leukemia affects people of all age groups. While children usually respond better to the treatment for leukemia and sometimes deal well with the disease, adults difficultly cope with this form of cancer.
Regardless of age and sex, many people are diagnosed with forms of leukemia. Children tend to respond better to some types of leukemia, while adults difficultly cope with the disease. The cases of acute leukemia exceed those of chronic leukemia by approximately 10 percent. Older adults seem to be affected the most by acute leukemia. Around two thirds of acute leukemia cases seem to occur after the age of 60.
By Groshan Fabiola
According to their functions and structure, there are three different types of cells within the normal blood: red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Through the process of hematopoiesis, these three types of blood cells are developed from a distinctive type of blood cell called stem cell. Stem cells divide and go through several stages of development to finally form a mature blood cell of a particular type, with a certain, distinctive function in the body. The process through which a stem cell morphs into a mature blood cell takes place within the bone marrow.
According to the speed of development and the persistence of the disorder, there are two types of leukemia: acute leukemia and chronic leukemia. Acute leukemia is known to develop very rapidly, while chronic leukemia is developed slowly. According to the types of blood cells affected by the disease, leukemia can either be lymphocytic or myelogenous.
Lymphocytic and myelogenous types of leukemia are developed from different types of cells: the lymphocytic type of leukemia develops from cells called lymphoblasts or lymphocytes in the spongious tissue of the bones, while the myelogenous type of leukemia (sometimes refered to as myeloid and myelocytic leukemia) develops from myeloid cells.
In the case of acute forms of leukemia, the abnormal cells come from early, immature cells. Such forms of the disorder have a very fast rate of development, due to the fact that normal stem cells tend to multiply frequently. Leukemia cells usually don’t divide faster and more frequently than normal stem cells, they simply don’t stop their process of division when they should. Sometimes the numbers of white blood cells are very high, while in other cases they can be normal or low.
Chronic leukemia, apart from its slow development, is different from acute leukemia by the level of maturation that the diseased cells are able to reach. Stem cells affected by chronic leukemia reach a higher level of maturation but they present abnormalities and they can’t act as healthy white blood cells do. Unlike acute leukemia, in the chronic form of the disease the unhealthy cells have much longer periods of life and they tend to accumulate in different parts of the body.
Leukemia affects people of all age groups. While children usually respond better to the treatment for leukemia and sometimes deal well with the disease, adults difficultly cope with this form of cancer.
Regardless of age and sex, many people are diagnosed with forms of leukemia. Children tend to respond better to some types of leukemia, while adults difficultly cope with the disease. The cases of acute leukemia exceed those of chronic leukemia by approximately 10 percent. Older adults seem to be affected the most by acute leukemia. Around two thirds of acute leukemia cases seem to occur after the age of 60.
By Groshan Fabiola
leukemia symptoms : Particularities of Different Types of Leukemia
Leukemia is a form of cancer that occurs at the level of the spinal marrow. Inside the spinal marrow there is a type of immature blood cells that are called stem cells. These cells have a neutral initial state and later develop into different types of blood cells (white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets). Leukemia interferes in the normal process of cell maturation, leading to an accumulation of partially developed blood cells in the marrow, blood and later in body organs. Most of these resulted cells are inefficient inside the organism, as they can’t carry out the activity of normal blood cells.
Depending on to the rate of development, the disease can either be acute leukemia (developing very rapidly), or chronic leukemia (slow developing).
Particular to acute leukemia is the inability of stem cells (immature cells that can be found within the bone marrow) to reach the state of maturity. These immature blood cells tend to continuously divide and they accumulate in the bloodstream. Acute leukemia develops very rapidly and people who suffer from it need immediate treatment and specific therapy. If mistreated or ignored, acute leukemia causes the death of affected patients within a few months. While certain forms of acute leukemia are usually successfully treated, other forms don’t respond well to the specific treatment.
A characteristic of the chronic type of leukemia is that the diseased cells usually come from more mature cells, but in most cases they aren’t developed normally. The leukemia cells have long periods of life and they tend to accumulate within the bloodstream. Although normal people have between 5000 and 10000 white blood cells in their body, people who suffer from chronic leukemia may have more than 100000.
Lymphocytic and myelogenous types of leukemia are developed from different types of cells: the lymphocytic type of leukemia develops from cells called lymphoblasts or lymphocytes in the spongious tissue of the bones, while the myelogenous type of leukemia (sometimes refered to as myeloid and myelocytic leukemia) develops from myeloid cells. Judging by the types of cells involved in the development of leukemia and by the rate of cellular division specific to each form of the disease, the main types of leukemia are: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
In addition to the common forms of chronic leukemia, there are also some rare types. Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), just like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, has a slow progression. The cells of hairy cell leukemia are different from other diseased cells mainly through their aspect. Hairy cell leukemia doesn’t usually respond well to treatment. Prolymphocytic leukemia is a very rare and unusual form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Some cancers, called lymphomas, are caused by abnormal blood cells that are present in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen or other organs. These particular types of cancer don’t occur at the levels of the bone marrow and have a development that is not characteristic to most forms of lymphocytic leukemia.
By Groshan Fabiola
Depending on to the rate of development, the disease can either be acute leukemia (developing very rapidly), or chronic leukemia (slow developing).
Particular to acute leukemia is the inability of stem cells (immature cells that can be found within the bone marrow) to reach the state of maturity. These immature blood cells tend to continuously divide and they accumulate in the bloodstream. Acute leukemia develops very rapidly and people who suffer from it need immediate treatment and specific therapy. If mistreated or ignored, acute leukemia causes the death of affected patients within a few months. While certain forms of acute leukemia are usually successfully treated, other forms don’t respond well to the specific treatment.
A characteristic of the chronic type of leukemia is that the diseased cells usually come from more mature cells, but in most cases they aren’t developed normally. The leukemia cells have long periods of life and they tend to accumulate within the bloodstream. Although normal people have between 5000 and 10000 white blood cells in their body, people who suffer from chronic leukemia may have more than 100000.
Lymphocytic and myelogenous types of leukemia are developed from different types of cells: the lymphocytic type of leukemia develops from cells called lymphoblasts or lymphocytes in the spongious tissue of the bones, while the myelogenous type of leukemia (sometimes refered to as myeloid and myelocytic leukemia) develops from myeloid cells. Judging by the types of cells involved in the development of leukemia and by the rate of cellular division specific to each form of the disease, the main types of leukemia are: acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL).
In addition to the common forms of chronic leukemia, there are also some rare types. Hairy cell leukemia (HCL), just like chronic lymphocytic leukemia, has a slow progression. The cells of hairy cell leukemia are different from other diseased cells mainly through their aspect. Hairy cell leukemia doesn’t usually respond well to treatment. Prolymphocytic leukemia is a very rare and unusual form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Some cancers, called lymphomas, are caused by abnormal blood cells that are present in the lymph nodes, liver, spleen or other organs. These particular types of cancer don’t occur at the levels of the bone marrow and have a development that is not characteristic to most forms of lymphocytic leukemia.
By Groshan Fabiola
leukemia symptoms :Possible Leukemia Causes and Risk Factors
Leukemia is a disease that is considered to be life-threatening. It requires prompt intervention when discovered, in order to maximize the chances of recovering through specific treatment and therapy. Leukemia is basically a type of cancer of the bone marrow and blood, caused by inappropriate cellular activity. The disease can be of different forms, according to the types of blood cells that cause its development. Also, if leukemia is developing rapidly, it is called acute leukemia, while if the disease is developing slowly, it is referred to as chronic leukemia.
The direct leukemia causes are still unknown. In present, medical science isn’t able to establish the specific leukemia disease causes. However, a strong connection between certain genetic factors and the development of the disease has been revealed. Leukemia occurs on the background of genetic failure that causes the excessive production of incomplete, partially matured blood cells. Also, leukemia has a hereditary character, allowing the transmission of genetic predispositions to disease from one generation to another. Although many factors are known to contribute to the development of leukemia, they alone can’t be considered leukemia causes.
Despite the fact that statistics indicate a higher incidence of the disease in people that are exposed to some environmental factors of risk, leukemia doesn’t seem to be caused by neither of them in particular. Among the environmental factors that are thought to be leukemia causes, here are some of the most plausible ones:
- Smoking – smoking is thought to increase the chances of being affected by leukemia. Although statistics show that around 20 percent of acute leukemia cases are related to smoking, leukemia also occurs to people that don’t smoke and therefore it can’t be considered a leukemia cause on itself;
- Prolonged exposure to radiation – Radiation is considered to facilitate the development of leukemia. It is believed that exposure to X-rays can be a leukemia cause;
- Prolonged exposure to benzene – statistics reveal that this is a major factor of risk in some forms of leukemia, such as myelogenous leukemia;
- Chemotherapy and cancer treatment – previous cancer treatments and chemotherapy are known to facilitate the occurrence and development of leukemia and can be considered plausible leukemia causes. Within a few years from the completion of chemotherapy and other treatments for certain forms of cancer, most people can develop leukemia.
Among the genetic factors that are considered to be leukemia causes, the following ones are thought to be the most important:
- chromosome abnormalities – some rare genetic syndromes are known to contribute to leukemia causes;
- Immune system genetic problems - a weak immune system is very likely to facilitate the occurrence of leukemia and therefore can be considered a leukemia cause;
- Down syndrome – children born with this syndrome have a very high risk of developing acute leukemia.
The list of possible leukemia causes can continue further, but these are the most common factors that are considered to be interrelated with leukemia. While some of them can be prevented, others reside within the genes and in present can’t be corrected. In future, however, thanks to medical advance, we will probably be able to prevent leukemia and other forms of cancer.
By Groshan Fabiola
The direct leukemia causes are still unknown. In present, medical science isn’t able to establish the specific leukemia disease causes. However, a strong connection between certain genetic factors and the development of the disease has been revealed. Leukemia occurs on the background of genetic failure that causes the excessive production of incomplete, partially matured blood cells. Also, leukemia has a hereditary character, allowing the transmission of genetic predispositions to disease from one generation to another. Although many factors are known to contribute to the development of leukemia, they alone can’t be considered leukemia causes.
Despite the fact that statistics indicate a higher incidence of the disease in people that are exposed to some environmental factors of risk, leukemia doesn’t seem to be caused by neither of them in particular. Among the environmental factors that are thought to be leukemia causes, here are some of the most plausible ones:
- Smoking – smoking is thought to increase the chances of being affected by leukemia. Although statistics show that around 20 percent of acute leukemia cases are related to smoking, leukemia also occurs to people that don’t smoke and therefore it can’t be considered a leukemia cause on itself;
- Prolonged exposure to radiation – Radiation is considered to facilitate the development of leukemia. It is believed that exposure to X-rays can be a leukemia cause;
- Prolonged exposure to benzene – statistics reveal that this is a major factor of risk in some forms of leukemia, such as myelogenous leukemia;
- Chemotherapy and cancer treatment – previous cancer treatments and chemotherapy are known to facilitate the occurrence and development of leukemia and can be considered plausible leukemia causes. Within a few years from the completion of chemotherapy and other treatments for certain forms of cancer, most people can develop leukemia.
Among the genetic factors that are considered to be leukemia causes, the following ones are thought to be the most important:
- chromosome abnormalities – some rare genetic syndromes are known to contribute to leukemia causes;
- Immune system genetic problems - a weak immune system is very likely to facilitate the occurrence of leukemia and therefore can be considered a leukemia cause;
- Down syndrome – children born with this syndrome have a very high risk of developing acute leukemia.
The list of possible leukemia causes can continue further, but these are the most common factors that are considered to be interrelated with leukemia. While some of them can be prevented, others reside within the genes and in present can’t be corrected. In future, however, thanks to medical advance, we will probably be able to prevent leukemia and other forms of cancer.
By Groshan Fabiola
